What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

The 4th Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures conducted by the government. This means that law enforcement must have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant issued by a judge in order to search private property or seize items. The purpose of this amendment is to safeguard citizens' privacy and maintain personal security against arbitrary governmental interference.

While the other options are important rights under different amendments, they do not pertain to the protections specifically afforded by the 4th Amendment. Excessive bail relates to the 8th Amendment, self-incrimination is a protection under the 5th Amendment, and double jeopardy is addressed by the 5th Amendment as well. Each of these principles protects different aspects of individual rights, but only the 4th Amendment focuses on unreasonable searches and seizures, making that the correct choice in this context.