What does Article 3 of the Constitution establish?

Article 3 of the United States Constitution establishes the Federal Judiciary and the Supreme Court. This article outlines the structure, powers, and jurisdiction of the judicial branch of the federal government. It specifies that the judicial power of the United States is vested in one Supreme Court and any lesser courts that Congress may ordain and establish. This framework is essential as it ensures an independent judiciary that interprets and applies the law, thereby providing a check on the powers of both the executive and legislative branches.

By defining the role of the judiciary in the constitutional framework, Article 3 plays a crucial part in upholding the rule of law and protecting individual rights. It also sets the foundation for important concepts such as judicial review, which allows courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative acts and executive actions. Understanding the significance of Article 3 is vital for comprehending how the judicial system functions and the principles of justice in the United States.